COMPUTER SCIENCE
The best choice you
should make
One of the most amazing innovations in online
learning over the past few years has been the growth and development of massive
open online courses, better known as MOOCs. Generally speaking, MOOCs are college-level
courses made available, free of charge, for unlimited participation by any and
all students interested in the subject matter. MOOCs are often offered by
highly prestigious colleges and universities like Harvard, Stanford and, most
predominantly, MIT, and taught by the same professors and instructors that
teach them on their famous campuses.
Given the recent appearance of MOOCs in the
virtual world, it’s not surprising that one of the most popular academic
subjects for MOOC classes is computer science. There are literally dozens of
courses available on both the undergraduate and graduate levels across the
breadth of computer-related topics. Below you will find the course titles and
links to some of the most popular computer science MOOCs.
Computer scientists play a central role in our technological
infrastructure. They develop hardware, software and other applications for use
by the military, businesses and average consumers. This has made computer
science one of the fastest-growing career fields in the U.S. today, with some
occupations, such as software engineer, expected to grow an estimated 22
percent from 2012 to 2022. While this means tremendous opportunity for students
and young professionals interested in the field, it also means increased
competition, both at the college level and in the job market.
Many experts in computer science education tout skill
development before college as the key to success. Students as young as six and
seven are learning the logic behind computer programs and, in some cases, how
to create simple programs of their own. Yet formal computer science learning
remains a rare commodity in K-12 curricula. In 2011, just five percent of high
schools across the country offered an Advanced Placement test in the subject.
This gap has forced students to seek computer science education elsewhere.
The following guidebook helps students and parents identify and
understand the multitude of opportunities available for learning computer
science before college. Key elements include:
1.
An in-depth look at why computer
science is important to learn at the primary and secondary levels.
2.
A breakdown of computer science
information and resources at each level: elementary school, middle school and
high school.
3.
A detailed look at college prep. Specifically,
how high school students can ready themselves for advanced computer science
study at the post-secondary level.
Computer engineering refers to the integration of electronic
engineering and the digital world. It is often confused with computer science,
but is its own distinct field. Computer engineers are educated to design both
software and firmware, and integrate them into new and
existing hardware. Computer engineering includes the development of
computer-related components of practically every kind including microprocessors, circuit boards,
analog sensors, chips, robotics, and many, many others. Degree
programs in computer engineering are quite popular on college and university
campuses around the world.
Computer engineering is also a popular subject for MOOCs, with a
wealth of both introductory and advanced courses offered. Students interested
in a career in the computer sciences may find one of the below-listed MOOCs a
good place to begin their research into the field.
Are you someone that is fascinated by both computers and the law? If so, you may be interested in a career in computer
forensics. Computer forensics is the branch of computer science concerned with
the investigation, collection and analysis of digital information to be used as
evidence in criminal and civil legal proceedings. Experts in computer forensics
are also involved in the development of techniques and equipment for rooting
out criminal activity in computer systems and other digital storage media.
The exciting field of computer forensics is a rapidly growing
one among students and postsecondary institutions alike. New courses are being
developed all the time. Here are a number of the open online courses currently
available to prospective computer forensic professionals.
Computer networking is the area of computer science that is
concerned with how digital devices communicate between one another. It
incorporates aspects of a number of related fields such as computer
engineering, information technology, computer science, data storage and
maintenance, programming and telecommunications. Sub-topics that fall under the
computer networking heading include local area networks (LAN), wide area
networks (WAN), network design, network protocols, home networking, wired and
wireless networking, and many others. Computer networking also involves
internet-related services like peer-to-peer (P2P) file sharing systems and public web sites.
MOOC courses in computer networking are numerous and provide a
substantial glimpse into the field of digital communications. Taking one or
more of the courses listed here may help you decide if a future in computer
networking is right for you.
Computer programming, simply put, is the process of writing code
and creating software programs that tell computers what to do. More
specifically, computer programmers take the designs and work of engineers and
software developers and, through the use of any number of computer languages,
author the instructions that a computer can follow. Computer programmers also
update and expand on existing programs and debug programs by testing and fixing
coding errors. They additionally reference code libraries and develop software
to automate or simplify their writing tasks.
Computer programming MOOCs are available for several computer
languages and provide an excellent introduction to the fundamentals of
programming. Other courses are designed for experienced code writers to expand
and deepen their programming knowledge.
You can’t turn on the news today without hearing something about
worries over potential or actual security breaches in the government or public
computer systems, or the theft of private financial data. Preventing these
thefts and breaches is what cyber security is all about. The growing number of
cyber attacks has led to a rapidly expanding need for more sophisticated
techniques to resist them and for more professionals in the cyber security
field.
Anyone interested in a career in the computer sciences would do
well to consider the sub-field of cyber security. MOOC courses in cyber
security are offered in several related topics including cyber terrorism, cyber
espionage and cyber warfare, a number of which are listed below.
Database administration (also known as DBA) is the area of
computer science that focuses on the management of database systems. More
specifically, DBA involves the installation, configuration, monitoring and
maintenance of data management systems for virtually any type of business or organization.
DBA professionals create and develop databases, ensure efficient database
access and operation, backup and restore data to prevent the loss of
information and secure database systems to keep them from being hacked or
stolen. There are two common DBA specialties: system DBA, which concerns the
physical and technical aspects of a database; and application DBA, which deals
with databases designed for particular applications.
The MOOCs listed below represent a sampling of the free courses
available online for students interested in database administration.
Information security concerns the protection of information from
unauthorized access, use, modification or destruction. In regard to the digital
world, the terms “information security” and “cyber security” are often used
interchangeably. However, many professionals distinguish the two, using the
term “information security” in reference to the protection of personal
information and information systems in any realm, while using the term “cyber
security” in regard to a larger, more universal information infrastructure.
Information security often includes such topics as password protection,
antivirus and malware protection, personal privacy and the encoding of data.
Information security is also similar to cyber security in that
both career fields are rapidly growing. Anyone interested in the information
security profession may want to consider taking one of the several MOOC
offerings listed below.
TECHNOLOGY
Information technology (commonly referred to as IT) covers a
broad range of computer science subjects involving the use of computers and
telecommunications equipment to store, transmit and retrieve data of all kinds
for individuals, businesses and other organizations. The term encompasses
computers and computer networks, as well as other data storage and delivery
components including television, telephones, the internet and satellite
systems.
By definition, the IT field is one that overlaps with any number
of other computer science subject areas. Therefore, anyone seriously thinking
about the computer science profession will find IT a good place to start his or
her career research. To learn more about information technology, consider
enrolling in one of the MOOC classes listed below.
Software engineering is the computer science discipline related
to the application of engineering principles to the creation and development of
computer software. Software engineering is closely related to computer
programming and the two terms are often used interchangeably. There is a
difference, however, in regard to scope. Software engineers focus more on the
overall design of software, while programmers focus on turning an engineer’s
design into a usable form by writing the code that a computer can understand.
Becoming a software engineering professional requires earning a
college degree. Enrolling in one or more MOOC courses is a good way to find out
if software engineering is right for you before investing the time and money in
a degree program.
Web development is a term broadly employed to describe any work
involved in the development of a web site for the internet or a private
network. As with many other computer science subjects, the boundaries defining
one field from another are often blurred and involve a good deal of overlap.
This is certainly true regarding the fields of web development and web design.
Web design deals more with the overall visual appearance and ease of use of a website
while web development focuses more on the inner workings and applicable coding
employed. Nevertheless, the terms are often used interchangeably.
The MOOC classes listed below encompass the broader boundaries
of the web development field and include courses on web basics as well as more
advanced topics.
“The single best piece of
advice I would give a student just entering college would be to commit yourself
to learn both the practical and theoretical sides of computer science. This
commitment makes you marketable in industry and/or prepares you for advanced
study.”
Kenji Yoshigoe
The first 60 years of
modern computers focused on computing itself, with the last 20 years or so
centered on computers as tools for communication. These two “chapters” in computing
history have led to entirely new industries and technologies, as well as the
fast and furious evolution of computer science as a discipline. Today, it is
almost impossible to find an avenue of commerce or professional endeavor that
has not been affected by the digital revolution. For professionals in the
field, the big questions are: What is the next great chapter in computer
science and how can I be a part of it?
As the industry
continues to grow and evolve, so will competition for the most satisfying and
highest-paying jobs. It is therefore imperative that anyone considering a
career in computer science stays up-to-date with current and future industry
trends. In this in-depth guide, you’ll find insightful information and useful
statistics on specific computer science areas that are in-demand now as well as
a glimpse into what will be trending in the years ahead. Also included are
helpful hints and advice from experts in the field. Planning is the key to
professional success, and the earlier potential computer scientists begin that
planning, the better.
“Ideally, students should follow their passion. Maybe that would
take them to autonomous vehicles or to computer security. If they haven’t found
their passion, I would recommend they pursue a solid grounding in computer systems and software engineering. That will open a lot
of doors.”
Bruce Porter
One of the best
sources for career information is the U.S. Department of Labor’s Bureau of
Labor Statistics (BLS). According to BLS data, 74 percent of new STEM (science,
technology, engineering and math) jobs through 2022 will be in computing. That’s
a pretty general statement, however, and does not apply evenly across the broad
landscape of computer science occupations. For example, the BLS predicts that
nearly a third of all of those new jobs will be created in the computer science
subfield of software development. In fact, the BLS breaks down the computer
science field into seven distinct subfields and provides percentage estimates
for jobs (in relation to all new STEM jobs) in each as follows:
·
SOFTWARE DEVELOPMENT:32%
·
SECURITY3%
·
SYSTEMS ANALYSIS15%
·
DATABASE ADMINISTRATION2%
·
SUPPORT SPECIALIST14%
·
OTHER CS-RELATED JOBS1%
·
NETWORK AND SYSTEMS ADMINISTRATION7%
Nevertheless, no matter what specific area of interest a
computer scientist prefers, the job market going forward looks promising when
compared to employment statistics across the entire job spectrum. The BLS
predicts an 18 percent job growth in computer-related occupations compared to
11 percent for all occupations in total.
Below is a list of specific CS-related careers that are on the
rise to provide an even clearer picture of the job market that awaits computer
science college students upon graduation. Again, these statistics are provided
by the BLS and relate to predicted job growth through 2022.
High School Computer Science TeacherSalary range: $37,230 - $86,720
GROWTHRATE6%
Computer science
teachers prepare lesson plans and practical exercises to instruct students in
computing theories as well as the use of computer software applications. High
school teachers work closely not only with students but also fellow teachers
and school administrators. Employment at public schools requires studies beyond
a bachelor’s degree: depending on the state, teachers may need post-graduate
training resulting in a license or a single subject credential to teach
computer science at the secondary level.
Computer ProgrammerSalary
range: $43,640 - $123,490
GROWTHRATE8%
Coders use their
familiarity with programming languages to transform software designs into
computer-readable instructions. For some employers, the level of education
matters less than practical skill and specialized knowledge. Programming talent
is sought after in a range of industries, including software publishing, health
care, and insurance. Programmers work alone or in teams, often communicating
electronically with remote colleagues.
Post-Secondary Vocational Education InstructorSalary range: $27,940 - $85,120
GROWTHRATE12%
Working in public and
private institutions, these educators provide career training at a level above
high school, but below bachelor’s degree studies. Some occupational education
instructors have professional experience in addition to a two-year degree, for
example, an A.S. in computer system engineering technology. Qualifications for
teachers vary by subject, school, and state.
Network and Computer Systems AdministratorsSalary range: $45,270 - $117,150
GROWTHRATE12%
Network administrators
manage communications networks, while system administrators keep an
organization’s IT infrastructure running smoothly and securely. Sys admins are
in charge of equipment ranging from servers to desktop workstations to mobile
devices. Admins work with IT managers and staff, computer network architects
and other employees. Some companies outsource data storage networks to cloud
service providers, but admins are still needed in broad-ranging industries. In
addition to computer science, students interested in this occupation can take
subjects like computer engineering or electrical engineering, computer
networking and systems design.
Post-Secondary Computer Science TeacherSalary range: $37,190 - $137,810
GROWTHRATE13%
Post-secondary
computer science instructors develop class plans and materials to teach the
theoretical and practical applications of this discipline. Additional responsibilities
often include research and academic publishing. Most of these teachers work at
colleges and universities, with a smaller number employed at community colleges
and trade schools. College professors regularly interact with students, teaching
assistants, department colleagues and administrators.
Computer & Information Systems ManagerSalary range: $76,420 - $156,560+
GROWTHRATE15%
Computer science
leadership positions range from top-level executives to technical supervisors
who oversee day-to-day work in the trenches. Entry-level managers may provide
guidance for teams of hardware engineers or software developers, while project
managers work with technical and non-technical staff. Chief Technology Officers
(CTOs) manage the computing infrastructure for giant corporations. A bachelor’s
degree can lay the groundwork for managerial ambitions, along with experience.
However, students should consider an MBA in information systems to truly stand out from the rest of
the applicant field.
Computer Network ArchitectSalary
range: $53,920 - $145,700
GROWTHRATE15%
Network engineers and
architects create blueprints for data communication networks, and they design
patches for existing infrastructure in response to security threats. Network
architects analyze usage to predict organizational needs, often working with managers
and CTOs. Given the extensive knowledge involved, employers require at least a
bachelor’s degree and may prefer graduate studies in business information
systems.
Database AdministratorSalary
range: $43,720 - $120,990
GROWTHRATE15%
Database administrators
(DBAs) manage vast amounts of data collected in different industries, such as
banking transactions, retail chains’ customer records or medical clinics’
patient insurance information. To maintain database performance and security,
DBAs rely on their study of information assurance and data warehousing. Some
work with management and IT staff to develop new databases. As organizations
trend toward “big dataâ€? they may prefer DBAs with a specialized master’s
degree, according to the BLS.
Social Science Research AssistantSalary
range: $18,250 - $67,780
GROWTHRATE15%
Research assistants
harness their knowledge of computer science and statistics to make sense of
huge amounts of information. From surveys or lab projects, they gather, analyze
and manage scientific data. They work with social scientists in research and
development settings or academic environments, as paid staff rather than
student assistants.
“Computation is becoming integral to many disciplines ranging from
biology, mathematics and psychology, to music and the arts. A great way to
succeed in the long run is to build a strong mathematical background, develop a
strong understanding of data structures and algorithms and the essentials of
programming languages. And have a passion for applying these items in some
domain.”
Amr Sabry
Computer & Information Research ScientistSalary range: $61,300 - $158,800
GROWTHRATE15%
In fields such as
business, medicine and science, computer and information research scientists
use computing to analyze and solve problems. They improve on current
technologies or develop innovative computer algorithms to address specific
needs. Many work for the government, hardware and software design firms,
academic institutions or R&D labs, where they team up with other experts in
their area of research.
Data Mining SpecialistSalary
range: $61,300 - $158,800
GROWTHRATE15%
Working with massive
datasets, these information scientists leverage their academic background in
computational statistics. To meet requests from management, they design
algorithms and software for data analysis in specific environments. They
propose data-supported strategies in areas like public policy, science,
business intelligence and medical information management.
GeoscientistSalary
range: $48,890 - $187,199
GROWTHRATE16%
Geoscience, the study
of the earth’s physical elements, uses advanced technology like computer
modeling, data analysis and digital mapping. Geoscientists depend on
specialized software packages as they perform fieldwork and lab research, and
computer science grads who also study geology can aim for this profession.
Working in industries such as government or oil and gas extraction, these
scientists share their research with clients and coworkers.
Computer Support SpecialistSalary
range: $29,260 - $86,110M
GROWTHRATE17%
Support specialists
offer high-tech trouble-shooting in a range of different environments, from
government agencies to industries like telecommunications and computer
manufacturing. User support specialists provide customer service for the
public, often from call centers, or work in a company’s information technology
(IT) department helping other employees. Computer network support specialists
focus on issues with data and communications networks.
Web DeveloperSalary
range: $33,320 - $110,350
GROWTHRATE20%
Web developers build
Internet sites for online retail, enterprise operations, non-profit groups,
social media and more. Websites serve as e-business cards for partners and
clients and digital storefronts for customers. Using tools such as HTML, XML,
JavaScript and Cascading Style Sheets, developers create the code underlying a
website, considering visual appearance, site architecture, usability and
performance. Web designers work with management, sales, marketing, public
relations and other departments.
Systems Software DeveloperSalary
range: $63,140 - $150,760
GROWTHRATE20%
Systems software
designers generally find employment with computer and electronics
manufacturers, working on teams to develop new technology. The products in
development include operating systems for uses ranging from computers to
smartphones to cars. These developers may also invent a system’s interface,
such as a graphical user interface that permits a human to control a computer.
Applications Software DeveloperSalary
range: $55,770 - $143,540
GROWTHRATE23%
Software developers
invent applications targeting specific purposes, from online marketplaces to
entertainment apps for mobile devices. Applications range from the small scale
to the enormous, as in databases constructed to meet the needs of specific
companies. Some developers need not only in-depth familiarity with programming
languages but also knowledge of an industry and its operations, for example,
financial transactions or health informatics.
Computer Systems AnalystSalary
range: $50,290 - $125,460
GROWTHRATE25%
Computer systems
analysis zeroes in on the information technology (IT) used by a specific
organization. Analysts take into account factors such as user requirements,
workflow and IT capabilities. After evaluating the existing technical
infrastructure, analysts suggest efficiencies and improvements. This occupation
requires an understanding of a specific field like banking or health
information management. Analysts work with managers and IT departments, and
they may also train employees on new systems.
Operations Research AnalystSalary
range: $42,070 - $130,210
GROWTHRATE27%
Operations research
analysts help executives and management solve problems and create data-driven
strategies in fields like finance, government and manufacturing logistics. They
often work with a multidisciplinary team of industry specialists. Analysts take
advantage of quantitative methods, statistical software programs and data
modeling packages to monitor an organization’s processes and find potential
improvements. Many applicants for this specialty have a master’s degree in a
subject such as computer science.
Market Research AnalystSalary
range: $33,490 - $114,250
GROWTHRATE32%
Market research
analysts use sophisticated statistical methods to advise companies on marketing
and business plans. They evaluate data on consumer trends and competitor
strategies to devise proposals for introducing and pricing new products.
Analysts share ideas with clients and managers, and they may also gather
opinions from the public. A computer science degree is common in this
data-focused field, and a master’s degree is often preferable for higher-level
positions.
Information Security AnalystSalary
range: $50,430-$138,780
GROWTHRATE37%
In a networked world,
these professionals play an important role in protecting organizations. They
examine existing IT systems and propose security measures, including fixes for
vulnerabilities. In industries like finance and cloud computing services, they
serve as in-house staff or consultants. Security analysts cooperate with
network administrators and computer systems analysts, and they often report
directly to CTOs or IT managers. Due to the wide-ranging expertise needed, some
employers opt for candidates with graduate degrees.
“The biggest thing about computer science is that it’s going to
continue changing rapidly, so I think learning the basics is important, but
you’re going to have to assume that the technical base you are working with
when developing new technologies in the future is not going to be the same as
the one you are using now.”
Larry Birnbaum
The field of computer science is constantly evolving and some of
today’s most in-demand careers didn’t even exist a decade ago. Today, it’s all
about programming and cyber security, but will that still be the case five or
ten years from now? The following list of trends in computer science has been
compiled after speaking with CS experts in both the academic and business
worlds. They represent a broad consensus of opinions and provide a good
overview of where the field is potentially headed.
While the careers listed below are intended to help CS
professionals explore promising and cutting edge job options, it is important
to note that several of our experts warned against depending too heavily on
trends when charting out your CS education and career path. The future is
unknown, and that is particularly true when it comes to the rapidly morphing
digital world. Therefore, while our experts speculate that the following areas
will be in-demand in the future, they also emphasize the importance of a strong
educational foundation in computer science fundamentals, especially at the
undergraduate level. A host of websites publish college rankings that can help
students find both quality and affordable computer
science degrees in their area of interest.
User Interface Design
FUTURISTIC CAREER
Human-computer interaction (HCI) professionals and UI median
annual salaries come in at an estimated $61,000 per year, according to
PayScale.com. However, salaries can increase rather significantly with education
and experience. For example, user interface engineers, a step above UI
designers, earn a reported $76,000 annually.
Companies hiring HCI graduates include Electronic Arts, Apple,
Microsoft and a variety of computer game designers and manufacturers. Any
company involved in the touch screen, application interface, and video game
markets is also on the lookout for HCI-skilled workers. HCI-related job titles
include:
·
iOS developer
·
Interaction designer
·
UI/UX architect
·
User experience designer
·
Web developer
Software Development
FUTURISTIC CAREER
As you might expect, software engineers and computer programmers
are in demand by businesses and other organizations of every type and size, and
not just those that fit strictly under the heading of computer technology. The
top employers for software developers, however, are tech-focused companies with
well-recognized names such as Google, Facebook, Twitter, Apple, Oracle and
Microsoft, as well as many that may be less familiar, like Sparc, Kony and
Zurple. Remember, though, there are probably thousands of potential employers
for skilled software developers.
The range of titles for software development professionals is as
broad as the field itself. Common titles that job seekers may encounter:
·
Software developer
·
Software architect
·
Software engineer
·
Computer programmer
·
Application architecture and development consultant
Other more specific
titles include computer game developer, systems programmer, e-business software
developer, and dozens of others. According to BLS projections, job growth in
the field should increase by 22 percent between 2012 and 2022, much faster than
the average for all occupations. National median annual wages for software
developers, systems software in May 2013 were slightly over $100,000, while
software developers, applications earned over $92,000 during the same period.
Cloud Computing
FUTURISTIC CAREER
Although specific statistics regarding remote and cloud
computing job opportunities are difficult to come by, a look at the numbers related
to computer science and information technology employment may provide a good
idea of where cloud computing is heading. National median annual salaries can
be expected to fall within the $70,000 to $90,000 range with job growth between
20 and 25 percent over the coming decade, according to the BLS. Top employers
for remote and cloud computing professionals include well known companies like
Google, Amazon, AT&T and Microsoft, as well as less recognized names like
SoftLayer, Rackspace and Salesforce.com. Job titles for remote computing
specialists predictably have the word “cloud� in them and include the
following:
·
Cloud software engineer
·
Cloud developer
·
Cloud network engineer
·
Cloud product manager
Security And Privacy
FUTURISTIC CAREER
Computer security and privacy issues arise in every corner of
the digital world and cyber attacks are becoming more and more commonplace. As
a result, information security professionals can be found just about
everywhere. Government at all levels, businesses, and non-profit organizations
need expert advice in securing their data resources. Top employers in computer
security include Cisco Systems, BAE Systems PLC, Computer Sciences Corporation,
Intel, Lockheed Martin, Symantec, Raytheon, Hewlett-Packard and the National Security
Administration.
According to the
BLS, salary potential and the job outlook for the computer security field is
positive. May 2013 statistics indicate a national median annual salary for
information security analysts of $88,590, with some industry sectors (such as
finance and insurance) trending higher. Job outlook predictions in the field
are strong, with the BLS forecasting 37 percent growth between 2012 and 2022.
Data Science And Big Data
FUTURISTIC CAREER
There is a rapidly growing demand for trained data scientists
across the employment spectrum. Industries hiring data scientists include
business and finance, e-commerce, government, healthcare, telecommunications
and social networking. Some of the companies currently hiring data science
professionals include Facebook, PayPal, Google, Trulia, Autotegrity, Intuit,
McGraw-Hill and Capital One. Job titles in the data science field often contain
the word “analytics,� such as chief analytics officer, director of
marketing analytics and chief scientist-predictive analytics applications.
Given the newness
of the field, salary figures specific to data science can be hard to come by.
With the current high demand for data science professionals, graduates with a
bachelor’s degree in data science may attract offers at the upper levels of the
computer science field. National median annual salaries for computer scientists
are currently in the neighborhood of $80,000 to $90,000. Master’s and doctorate
degree holders may do even better.
“Machine learning, data mining, knowledge extraction from data as
a field clearly is making huge advances. There’s a huge demand for students who
want to learn it. You see this a lot in the biomedical space, but there is also
demand from folks in industry. There was a rush where people gathered immense
amounts of data and we’re just beginning to catch up with trying to figure out
what you can do with it.”
Joseph Konstan
Robotics
FUTURISTIC CAREER
The salary projections and job outlook for robotics engineers
depends on how you approach the profession. For instance, the BLS includes
robotics engineers under the broader heading of mechanical engineers. From that
perspective, one might conclude that job growth for robotics professionals will
be sluggish over coming decade with just a 5 percent increase. Other industry
experts, however, predict healthier job prospects in the field.
Estimated salaries for robotic engineers also fall somewhere
between median annual salaries for mechanical engineers and computer scientists
($80,000 to $90,000).
Businesses hiring robotics-skilled workers include major
manufacturers in the auto and aeronautics industries, as well companies like
Dyson, Elbit Systems, Autonomous Solutions, Amazon, 3D Robotics, Bosch and
Caterpillar. Job titles in the field include:
·
Controls engineer
·
Automation engineer
·
Robotics engineer
·
Electro-mechanical technician
Artificial Intelligence
FUTURISTIC CAREER
Jobs in the artificial intelligence field often come with titles
that don’t explicitly indicate an AI specialization (like software developer or
software engineer), so make sure to read the job description carefully. Others
do indicate an AI connection, such as user experience designer, UI programmer
and android engineer. Top employers for AI professionals include the usual
suspects like Microsoft, Apple and just about any computer game company you can
think of. Graduates may also want to contact the companies listed above under
in this guide’s robotics section. There’s one other big employer of AI workers:
the U.S. government.
The BLS includes AI
professionals under the broader heading of computer and information research
scientists, for whom job growth estimates come in at 15 percent between 2012
and 2022, slightly under estimates for computer occupations in general, but
substantially higher than those for all occupations. National median annual
salary estimates for the same group are encouraging at $102,000 for 2012
significantly better than for all computer occupations combined ($76,270).
“We find that a large number of our students, especially the
better students, pick up jobs or internships when they’re qualified, which
generally means in their junior or senior year. So they’ve already started
taking courses that will help them out in terms of the job.”
Tim Lindquist
It is easy to see that the computer science field has become too
broad to easily define. It has become so fully integrated into every facet of
human culture that it is almost impossible to separate it out from any other
activities. This is good news for those interested in computer science as a
profession. What it means is that whatever talents an individual possesses, or
wherever a person’s interests lie, there is the potential for building a solid
and lucrative career. Which raises an enticing but nevertheless difficult
question that must be answered: With so many options, how does the prospective
computer scientist determine which one best suits his or her unique talents and
interests?
Below are some of the most important factors that CS students
and graduates should think about:
Lifestyle
It’s easy to get
lost in trying to define the lifestyle you want. The first problem is that you
have to know what you want, and that’s not an easy thing to do, especially when
you are young and getting your first taste of independence. But it is important
to give it some serious thought since career and lifestyle are so inextricably
connected. Consider elements such as family, social interests, environment (big
city vs. small town, for example), stress, workload, etc. Remember, once
established, it can be difficult to change a career’s direction or focus. Don’t
make the mistake in believing that a job’s effect on lifestyle will change as
the years go by.
Technical skills
While many skills are necessary for all CS specializations
(critical thinking and math, to name two), there are plenty of others that are
much more subject oriented. For example, software engineers need lots of
code-oriented skills such as working effectively with existing code (internal
infrastructure, third-party libraries, etc.) and the ability to code in
multiple languages. Robotics engineers, on the other hand, will find the need
for skills such as engineering design processes, materials analysis techniques,
the ability to work with CAD systems, as well as the ability read and create
schematics and blueprints. The key to developing the right skills is
determining the ones most needed for each specialization under consideration
and seeking out the classes and training required to develop those skills. In
doing so, most students quickly discover which ones are easiest to obtain and
are the most interesting to them.
Industry trends
After carefully examining all of the above factors, it’s time
think about current and future trends in the computer science world. This may
sound contradictory to discussions in other parts of this guide, but it really
isn’t. Yes, it’s true that trends in a rapidly growing and transforming field
can change at a moment’s notice, and yes, it’s wise to gain a solid
foundational education in the CS basics. But at some point all computer
scientists have to focus on a specialized area of the profession, and knowing
where the jobs are now and where they likely will (and will not) be in the future
is important. Besides, it never hurts to get a leg up on the inevitable
competition.
Salary
Finally, let’s not forget about financial stability. On the
whole, computer science-related occupations pay pretty well and, due to the
increasing demand for skilled computer scientists, good salaries are bound to
remain for years to come. Nevertheless, salaries within the CS field vary
significantly from specialty to specialty, so it’s important to get a clear
picture of the lifestyle one wants to create and its corresponding cost when
choosing the right CS career.
Anyone out there in the job marketplace today, especially those
looking for work in the tech world, are undoubtedly hearing the term “soft
skills” a lot. But just what are soft skills exactly and why are they
important? Soft skills can be defined as those personality or character traits
that relate to a person’s emotional intelligence quotient (EQ) as opposed to
his or her regular intelligence quotient (IQ), which is more closely associated
with more traditional abilities, or “hard skills.” While they may have more to
do with personality and character than hard skills, soft skills can be learned
and developed, which is a good thing since more and more employers are placing greater
and greater significance on them. They’re quickly learning that employees with
well-developed soft skills are substantially more valuable than those without.
According to experts, top soft skills for computer scientists include:
Communication
At the top of the list are communication skills, both oral and
written. Employers in the tech market today bemoan the fact that many otherwise
well-educated CS graduates lack even minimally acceptable competence in writing
and speaking. The ability to listen and comprehend instructions and directions
is equally important. The days in which techies were only required to sit alone
in a room and design software are over. Digital technology is big business and
tech companies have large work forces whose members must be able to create and
design products as a team, and that requires real communications skills on all
levels.
Managerial and delegation skills
Closely related to communication are managerial and delegation
skills. All large corporations, and most small ones for that matter, develop
multi-level management structures that require employees to take leadership
positions and delegate work to effectively and efficiently complete projects.
This requires professionals to understand the strengths and weaknesses of their
colleagues and be able to trust them to carry out the tasks they are assigned.
Self-reliance and initiative
Teamwork is important, but just as important is the ability to
overcome problems and complete work without being micro-managed. The worn-out
terms “self-starter” and “thinking out of the box” fit here. Other important
terms fit as well, including resourcefulness, creativity, enthusiasm,
independence, critical thinking, problem solving, flexibility and adaptability,
working well under pressure and a strong work ethic. Taken as a whole, these
skills add up to an employee who can be trusted to produce quality work without
someone constantly looking over his or her shoulder.
Networking
Everyone knows what
networking is, but not everyone is good at doing it. Those who are, however,
hold a distinct advantage over their colleagues with less developed social
skills. Computer scientists who attend industry conventions, speak at career
days and educational events, and represent themselves and their company at
public and chartable functions will almost always reap benefits from their
involvement, if not immediately, at sometime in the future.
There are, of course, many other valuable soft skills such as
self-confidence, effective time management, patience and even a sense of humor.
All of these traits will make professionals more attractive to employers and
more valuable as employees. Best of all, they can all be obtained with a bit of
practice.
With the industry booming, there are plenty of well-paying CS
jobs available, even at some of the most prestigious and competitive companies.
Graduates, however, cannot simply sit around and wait for the job offers to
roll in.
Well-qualified graduates are those who have been planning their
careers throughout their college years by getting good grades, landing a top
internship, and making the right connections. So how does a recent computer
science grad set himself or herself apart from all the other well-qualified job
seekers? The following are a few tips and recommendations for doing just that:
Volunteer
The best employers are good community members and like their
employees to be the same. Volunteering time with a local charity or non-profit
is the perfect way to show it. The work doesn’t have to relate to computer
science, but it certainly helps. There are plenty of charitable organizations
that need assistance of a technical nature, like designing or maintaining a
website. What’s most important is that you participate in making your community
a better place to live.
Be an entrepreneur
Starting a small business, developing a product of your own, or
simply establishing a presence online with a website or blog is a great way for
a job candidate to show initiative and enthusiasm for his or her chosen field.
Employers love this. It’s a great way to check off several of the “soft skill”
boxes on a corporate recruiter’s must-have list. Just remember, starting isn’t
enough. There has to be follow-through or the would-be entrepreneur will come
across as just that: a would-be.
Speak a foreign
language
Top companies in the tech world have an international presence,
so it’s no surprise that multi-lingual job candidates have it all over their
one-language counterparts. Speaking one or more foreign languages will not only
help in landing a great job, but it can also do wonders for professional
advancement.
Speak your native
language (well)
And write well, also. This goes back to the soft skills listed
above. The ability to express oneself clearly and professionally is essential
in any job. So, don’t take a pass on that college English Comp class or
underestimate the value of a writing course.
Review your online
presence
Privacy is a lot harder to come by these days, but it’s not gone
entirely. And make no mistake, an employer seriously considering a job
candidate is going to check out that person’s online presence before making an
offer. Job seekers should beat them to the punch by finding out what a Google
search will turn up on them and preparing for any potential damage before their
interview. It’s also a very good idea to set your Facebook privacy setting to
“friends only.” Recruiters are bound to check there, too.
Below is a list of computer science career-related websites for
additional information and help with job hunting:
LIST OF UNIVERSITIES
OFFERING COMPUTER SCIENCE IN NIGERIA
42.
Kwara
State University
BEST
COMPUTER ENGINEERING UNIVERSITIES IN NIGERIA
- Babcock University. Babcock University (BU) is a private, non-profit higher education institution in Nigeria. ...
- Covenant University Ota. ...
- Obafemi Awolowo University. ...
- Federal University of Technology Akure. ...
- The University of Lagos. ...
- The University of Jos.
LIST OF POLYTECHNICS THAT OFFER COMPUTER SCIENCE AS A COURSE
The following are the list of polytechnics that offer Computer Science as a course:Number of Polytechnics: 106
- Abdul-Gusau Polytechnic, Talata-Mafara
- Abia State College Of Health Sciences And Management Technology, Aba
- Abia State Polytechnic, Aba
- Abraham Adesanya Polytechnic, Ijebu-Igbo, Ogun State
- Abubakar Tatari Ali Polytechnic, Bauchi
- Adamawa State Poly, Yola
- Akanu Ibiam Federal Polytechnic, Unwana, Afikpo
- Akwa Ibom State College Of Arts And Science Nung, Ukim
- Akwa-Ibom State Polytechnic, Ikot-Osurua
- Allover Central Polytechnic, Lynson Chemical Avenue, Off Idiroko Road , Ota O
- Auchi Polytechnic, Auchi
- Bayelsa State College Of Arts And Science, Yenagoa, Bayelsa State
- Benue State Poly, Ugbokolo
- Binyaminu Usman College Of Agriculture, Hadijia
- Bolmor Polytechnic, Ibadan, Oyo State
- College Of Technology, Iresi, Osun State
- Covenant Polytechnic, Aba
- Cross River State Institute Of Technology And Management, Ugep
- Crown Polytechnics, Odo Ado-Ekiti
- D.S. Adegbenro Ict Polytechnic, Itori
- Delta State Polytechnic, Ogwashi-Uku
- Delta State Polytechnic, Otefe
- Delta State Polytechnic, Ozoro
- Dorben Polytechnic, Bwari-Garam Road, Fct-Abuja
- Eastern Polytechnic, Port Harcourt, Rivers State
- Edo State Institute Of Technology And Management, Usen
- Fed. Poly. Offa
- Fed. Polytechnic, Bali
- Fed. Polytechnic, Bauchi
- Fed. Polytechnic, Bida
- Fed. Polytechnic, Damaturu
- Fed. Polytechnic, Ede
- Fed. Polytechnic, Ida
- Fed. Polytechnic, Kaura/Namoda
- Fed. Polytechnic, Mubi
- Fed. Polytechnic, Nassarawa
- Fed. Polytechnic, Nekede
- Fed. Polytechnic, Oko
- Fed. Polytechnic,Ilaro
- Federal College Of Agricultural Produce Technology, Hotoro Gra Extension, K
- Federal College Of Agriculture, Ishiagu
- Federal College Of Animal Health And Production Technology, Ibadan
- Federal College Of Animal Health And Production Technology, Vom
- Federal College Of Forestry, Jos
- Federal College Of Land Resources Technology, Owerri
- Federal College Of Wildlife Management, New Bussa
- Federal Polytechnic, Ado-Ekiti
- Federal Polytechnic, Ekowe, Bayelsa State
- Federal Polytechnic, Uka
- Federal School Of Statistics, Manchok, Kaduna
- Fidei Polytechnic, Gboko
- Gateway Ict Polytechnic, Saapade, Ogun State
- Grace Polytechnic, Lagos
- Hassan Usman Katsina Poly, Katsina
- Heritage Polytechnic, Ikot Udota
- Hussaini Adamu Federal Polytechnic, Kazaure
- Ibadan City Polytechnic, Ibadan
- Igbajo Polytechnic
- Igbo-Owu Polytechnic, Kwara State
- Imo State Polytechnic, Umuagwo, Owerri
- Inst. Of Mgt. And Tech, Enugu
- Interlink Polytechnic, Ijebu-Jesa, Osun State Nigeria
- Jigawa State Institute Of Information Technology, Kazaure
- Jigawa State Polytechnic, Dutse
- Kaduna Polytechnic, Kaduna
- Kalac Christal Polytechnic, 1A Sikiru Adewale Street, Sangotedo, Lekki, Lagos
- Kano State Polytechnic, Kano
- Kings Polytechnic, Ubiaja
- Kogi State Polytechnic, Lokoja
- Kwara State Polytechnic, Ilorin, Kwara State
- Lagos City Polytechnic, Ikeja, Lagos State
- Lagos State Poly, Ikorodu
- Light House Polytechnic, Eubuobanosa, Edo State
- Mai Idris Alooma Polytechnic, Geidam, Yobe State
- Moshood Abiola Poly, Abeokuta
- Nacabs Polytechnic, Akwanga, Nasarawa State
- Nasarawa State Polytechnic, Lafia
- Niger State Poly, Zungeru
- Nigeria Army School Of Military Engineering, Makurdi
- Nigerian Institute Of Leather Technology And Science Technology
- Nogak Polytechnic, Mile 2 Road, Ikom, Cross River State
- Nuhu Bamalli Polytechnic,Zaria
- Ogun State Institute Of Technology (Formerly Gateway Ict Poly), Igbesa, Ogun S
- Our Saviour Inst. Of Sci And Tech (Poly) Enugu, Enugu State
- Oyo State College Of Agriculture, Igboora
- Plateau State Polytechnic ,Barkin-Ladi
- Polytechnic Of Sokoto
- Ramat Polytechnic, Maiduguri
- Rivers State College Of Arts And Science, Port Harcourt
- Rivers State Poly, Bori
- Ronik Polytechnic, Ikeja, Lagos
- Rufus Giwa Polytechnic, Owo
- Shaka Polytechnic, Prince Shaka Way, Off Muritala Murtala Mohammed Way, B
- St Mary Polytechnic, Kwamba, Suleja, Niger State
- Temple-Gate Polytechnic, Osisioma, Abia State
- The Ibarapa Polytechnic, Eruwa, Oyo State
- The Polytechnic, Ibadan
- The Polytechnic, Ile-Ife, Osun State
- The Polytechnic, Imesi-Ile, Osun State
- Tower Polytechnic, 136, Liberty Road, Ibadan, Oyo State
- Uyo City Polytechnic, Uyo (Uyo-Citypoly) Uyo Akwa-Ibom State
- Valley View Polytecnic, Ohafia, Abia State
- Waziri Umaru Fed. Polytechnic Birnin Kebbi
- Wolex Polytechnic, Ikeja, Lagos
- Yaba College Of Tech, Yaba
- Zamfara State College Of Arts and Science, Gusau, Zamfara State.
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